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Login via a terminal

Learning objectives

  • Practice using the UPPMAX documentation
  • Understand what a console environment is
  • Understand what a terminal is
  • Understand what a prompt is
  • Understand that after login, one is on a login node
  • If needed: has installed an SSH client
    • Windows: MobaXTerm
  • Can log in to the console environment using a terminal with X forwarding
  • Can determine if X forwarding works
For teachers

Teaching goals are:

  • Learners have practiced using the UPPMAX documentation
  • Learners understand what a console environment is
  • Learners understand what a terminal is
  • Learners understand what a prompt is
  • Learners understand that after login, one is on a login node
  • If needed, learners have installed an SSH client
    • Windows: MobaXTerm
  • Learners have logged in to the console environment using a terminal with X forwarding
  • Learners have determined if X forwarding works

Lesson plan:

gantt
  title Login via terminal
  dateFormat X
  axisFormat %s
  section First hour
  Prior : prior, 0, 5s
  Present: present, after prior, 2s
  %% It took me 7 mins, here I do that time x2
  Challenge: crit, challenge, after present, 14s
  %% Here I use the same time it took me to give feedback
  Feedback: feedback, after challenge, 7s

Prior questions:

  • What is a console environment?
  • What is a terminal?
  • What is SSH?
  • What is an SSH client?
  • Do you know any SSH clients?

Why?

Using a terminal is powerful, where a remote desktop is clumsy. Copy-pasting text to a terminal on the remote desktop will quickly make you wonder if it cannot be done in a smarter way.

A terminal and SSH clients

A terminal is a text-only program that can do many things, for example, starting a program. An SSH client is a program that allows you to connect to another computer. Some SSH clients can run from a terminal or vice versa.

Exercises

Need a video?

Here is a video that shows the solution of these exercises

Here, we log in to Rackham's console environment via a terminal.

For Mac and Windows users it will be hardest to get it working.

Exercise 1: a terminal

Go to the UPPMAX documentation at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se, then answer these questions:

  • Find the UPPMAX page on terminals
I cannot find it. Where is it?

You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/terminal/

  • What is a prompt?
Answer

The prompt is the text at the start of the line you can type on. It indicates that the terminal is waiting for user input.

Exercise 2: install an SSH client if needed

Go to the UPPMAX documentation at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se, then answer these questions:

  • Find the UPPMAX page on SSH clients
Answer

You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/ssh_client/

  • Try starting a terminal and type ssh and then enter. If you do not get an error message, you are lucky to have an SSH client installed!
How does it look like when ssh works?

Your output will look similar to this:

richel@richel-N141CU:~$ ssh
usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface] [-b bind_address]
           [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file]
           [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]
           [-J destination] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]
           [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-P tag] [-p port] [-R address]
           [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]
           destination [command [argument ...]]
       ssh [-Q query_option]
  • If there is an error, install the recommended SSH client

Exercise 3: login via SSH

Go to the UPPMAX documentation at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se, then answer these questions:

  • Find the page about how to login to Rackham via SSH and a password
I cannot find it. Where is it?

You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/getting_started/login_rackham_console_password/

  • Log in to Rackham
How does that look like?

Your ouput will look similar to this:

sven@richel-N141CU:~/GitHubs/uppmax_intro_day_1/docs/sessions$ ssh -X sven@rackham.uppmax.uu.se
sven@rackham.uppmax.uu.se's password: 
Last login: Thu Aug  8 18:35:17 2024 from vpnpool189-229.anst.uu.se
 _   _ ____  ____  __  __    _    __  __
| | | |  _ \|  _ \|  \/  |  / \   \ \/ /   | System:    rackham1
| | | | |_) | |_) | |\/| | / _ \   \  /    | User:      sven
| |_| |  __/|  __/| |  | |/ ___ \  /  \    | 
 \___/|_|   |_|   |_|  |_/_/   \_\/_/\_\   | 

###############################################################################

        User Guides: https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/

        Write to support@uppmax.uu.se, if you have questions or comments.


[sven@rackham1 ~]$

Welcome on a login node!

Exercise 4: find out if X forwarding works

  • Find the page about the program called xeyes
I cannot find it. Where is it?

You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/xeyes/

  • On a Rackham login node, run xeyes.
How do I run it

In your terminal, type:

xeyes

and press enter.

  • Conclude if X-forwarding works for you. If not, the UPPMAX page on SSH clients hold some hints.
Where is that page?

You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/ssh_client/