Login via a terminal¶
Learning outcomes
- Practice using the UPPMAX documentation
- Understand what a console environment is
- Understand what a terminal is
- Understand what a prompt is
- Understand that after login, one is on a login node
- If needed: has installed an SSH client
- Windows: MobaXTerm
- (optional) Can log in to the console environment using a terminal with X forwarding
- (optional) Can determine if X forwarding works
For teachers
Teaching goals are:
- Learners have practiced using the UPPMAX documentation
- Learners understand what a console environment is
- Learners understand what a terminal is
- Learners understand what a prompt is
- Learners understand that after login, one is on a login node
- If needed, learners have installed an SSH client
- Windows: MobaXTerm
- (optional) Learners have logged in to the console environment using a terminal with X forwarding
- (optional) Learners have determined if X forwarding works
Lesson plan:
gantt
title Login via terminal
dateFormat X
axisFormat %s
section First hour
Prior : prior, 0, 5s
Present: present, after prior, 2s
%% It took me 7 mins, here I do that time x2
Challenge: crit, challenge, after present, 14s
%% Here I use the same time it took me to give feedback
Feedback: feedback, after challenge, 7sPrior questions:
- What is a console environment?
- What is a terminal?
- What is SSH?
- What is an SSH client?
- Do you know any SSH clients?
- Can you displays an image in a console environment?
Feedback questions:
- What is a console environment?
- What is a terminal?
- What is SSH?
- What is an SSH client?
- Do you know any SSH clients?
- Can you displays an image in a console environment?
Why?¶
Using a terminal is powerful, where a remote desktop is clumsy. Copy-pasting text to a terminal on the remote desktop will quickly make you wonder if it cannot be done in a smarter way.
A terminal and SSH clients¶
A terminal is a text-only program that can do many things, for example, starting a program. An SSH client is a program that allows you to connect to another computer. Some SSH clients can run from a terminal or vice versa.
Exercises¶
Need a video?
See this YouTube video that shows the solution of these exercises
Pelle works the same a Rackham in these contexts.
Here, we log in to Pelle's console environment via a terminal.
For Mac and Windows users it will be hardest to get it working.
Exercise 1: a terminal¶
Go to the UPPMAX documentation at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se, then answer these questions:
- Find the UPPMAX page on terminals
I cannot find it. Where is it?
You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/terminal/
- What is a prompt?
Answer
The prompt is the text at the start of the line you can type on. It indicates that the terminal is waiting for user input.
Exercise 2: install an SSH client if needed¶
Go to the UPPMAX documentation at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se, then answer these questions:
- Find the UPPMAX page on SSH clients
Answer
You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/ssh_client/
- Try starting a terminal and type
sshand then enter. If you do not get an error message, you are lucky to have an SSH client installed!
How does it look like when ssh works?
Your output will look similar to this:
richel@richel-N141CU:~$ ssh
usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface] [-b bind_address]
[-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port] [-E log_file]
[-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11] [-i identity_file]
[-J destination] [-L address] [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec]
[-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-P tag] [-p port] [-R address]
[-S ctl_path] [-W host:port] [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]]
destination [command [argument ...]]
ssh [-Q query_option]
- If there is an error, install the recommended SSH client
Exercise 3: login via SSH¶
Go to the UPPMAX documentation at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se, then answer these questions:
- Find the page about how to login to Pelle via SSH and a password
I cannot find it. Where is it?
You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/getting_started/login_pelle_console_password/
- Log in to Pelle
How does that look like?
Your ouput will look similar to this:
sven@richel-N141CU:~/GitHubs/uppmax_intro_day_1/docs/sessions$ ssh -X sven@pelle.uppmax.uu.se
sven@pelle.uppmax.uu.se's password:
Last login: Thu Aug 8 18:35:17 2024 from vpnpool189-229.anst.uu.se
_ _ ____ ____ __ __ _ __ __
| | | | _ \| _ \| \/ | / \ \ \/ / | System: pelle1
| | | | |_) | |_) | |\/| | / _ \ \ / | User: sven
| |_| | __/| __/| | | |/ ___ \ / \ |
\___/|_| |_| |_| |_/_/ \_\/_/\_\ |
###############################################################################
User Guides: https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/
Write to support@uppmax.uu.se, if you have questions or comments.
[sven@pelle1 ~]$
Welcome on a login node!
(optional) Exercise 4: use light graphics¶
- Find the page about the program called
eog
I cannot find it. Where is it?
You can find find it at https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/eog/
- On the Pelle login node, create an example image or download an image
- (optional) On a Pelle login node, display the image using
eog. Observe the error message
How do I do so?
In your terminal, type:
where [filename] is the name of the file, for example:
The error message will be similar to this:
- The UPPMAX page about
eogmentions that one needs to login using SSH with X-forwarding. Go to the page that describes how to use SSH with X-forwarding
I cannot find that page. Where is it?
Searching for 'SSH with X-forwarding' results in finding https://docs.uppmax.uu.se/software/ssh_x_forwarding/
- Log out of Pelle and login with X-forwarding enabled
How to log in to Pelle using X-forwarding?
Use the -X (a capital X) flag, e.g.
- On a Pelle login node, display an image using
eog.
How do I run it
In your terminal, type:
where [filename] is the name of the file, for example:
Press enter and you will the image pop up.
How does that look like?
